The benefits of Using the Smart Phones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The advantages of Using the Smart Phones - Essay Example As indicated by Polichar et al. et al. people use Smartphones to satisfy their individual needs paying little mind to the capacities and the interface of the telephone, they tweak their telephones as indicated by their own needs to profit by the telephones (Polichar et al. et al. 629). Clough et al. et al. contends that Smartphones are used by both grown-up and youth populace to accomplish training that is casual in nature. In this report I am going to contend that Smartphones are profiting grown-ups and youngsters in different parts of life (Clough et al. et al. 359). So as to discover examines that have just centered around my report’s subject, I experienced different libraries, for example, the ProQuest database. Also, I even directed a pursuit through the Google’s internet searcher under the alternative of Google Scholar and discovered different articles from different diaries to help me in my task. The diaries from which I acquired the diary articles incorporates: Journal of Computer Assisted Learning just as Personal and Ubiquitous Computing and others. Following the sources alongside their comments that I will use to finish my report and protect my position: Polichar et al. et al. led an examination named (Empowerment through Seamfulness: Smart Phones in Everyday Life) so as to make sense of how grown-ups utilize cell phones, for example, Smartphones to fulfill their necessities (Polichar et al. 629). To lead this examination they led interviews from 21 members and these members were utilizing Smartphones, for example, BlackBerry and iPhone. Clough et al. led an examination to make sense of the connection between Smartphone use and casual learning and made sense of that people use Smartphones to lead casual instruction that is deliberate in nature (Clough et al. 369). He and individual specialists even distinguished that claiming a Smartphone affected clients

Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Vote based system - Essay Example Vote based system has certain notable qualities to it that makes it the most loved and furthermore recognizes it from different types of governments and decisions. Decisions are held after a consistent timespan for the most part four to five years. The executive is the head of state in a vote based state. A republic state is one where the President appreciates more force and authority than the Prime Minister. The guidelines of business are contrived through a constitution which is either in composed structure or in oral. Parliament is where agents of the individuals accumulate and examine the nearby and national issues. Neighborhood parliaments are set up on state and territory level. This is one of the prevailing types of government over the world. With about three fourth of the nations on earth being majority rule. It is considered as indication of the opportunity and level success. The moderately dynamic countries of the world are worrying for usage of vote based system in those p ieces of the existence where tyranny and non agent type of government is set up. India is the nation with second biggest populace and is the biggest majority rules system. The outstanding element of Indian popular government is the way that it has never been crashed by the mighty oust of the tyrants and Army dissimilar to numerous nations. One of the focal point of attractions in Southern Asia and appeared in 1947 close by its neighbor Pakistan with whom the ties have never been excessively benevolent. The last decisions were held in 2009. Individual from the Sikh people group Manmohan Singh is the PM of the nation and speaks to the Congress party. Despite the fact that the rising populace is a genuine concern yet, the steady condition of establishments and direct appointment of people’s delegates holds the way in to the advancement of country. With the economy on the ascent, India is solid contender for getting one of the might of Asia in coming a very long time with advance ment in the field of science and innovation and instruction. Majority rule government has an impressive job in the whole territory of India as it stands at present. Tunisia is arranged in Africa on the shorelines of Mediterranean Sea and stayed a state of France until 1950s. Anyway it didn't get the opportunity to have taste of vote based system for almost three decades and was under the rule of Habib Bourguiba. He was trailed by Zine al Abidine Ben Ali. His broad guideline reached a conclusion in 2011 when a break government was set up. Much is anticipated from the break set up with respect to seeks after a genuine vote based system that would be illustrative of the desires of the individuals of Tunisia. Venezuela is arranged in South America. The nation is wealthy in characteristic assets, for the most part the oil, coal and gold. Having referenced the normal assets, the main part of the populace despite everything lives beneath the destitution line and swelling is on a consistent ascent. The nation and its kin despite everything aim for a genuine majority rules system keeping in mind the desire of progress in way of life and living, anyway a lot to the opposite the pioneers most strikingly the president himself is focusing on another type of communism. Hugo Chavez is the pioneer who is the solitary predominant power of the whole situation. It has been affected by the communist conditions of the world, and most outstandingly the previous Soviet Union. The relations are very sharp on the universal front, particularly with the United States of America that consider the president a genuine danger towards the inside solidness of Venezuela and the opportunity and success of the individuals of

Introducing Amino Desktop Bioengineering for Everyone

Introducing Amino Desktop Bioengineering for Everyone One of the most mindblowingly awesome people Ive met in my six years at MIT is my friend Julie Legault. Julie is an artist, designer, and biohacker from Montreal. Before she came to MIT, she built wearable costumes for Rihanna and Imogen Heap, developed smart materials for Aston Martin, and taught at the Birmingham Institute of Art and Design. In June, Julie finished her masters degree at the Media Lab in the Playful Systems group with a thesis titled Amino: a domestic system for synthetic biology and continuous culturing. Here is the abstract from her thesis: With the ability to transfer a trait from one creature to another purposefully, synthetic biology is advancing across unforeseen domains. From algae cells that convert carbon dioxide to fuel, biocementation bacteria to terraform mars, and lab-grown meat, synthetic biology offers new materials for designers, technologists, and artists to explore, and yet, public opinion lags behind these scientific advancements. Anytime science advances faster than our ability to apprehend it, it produces progress but also fear, suspicion and uncertainty. Amino an object that allows direct interaction with microorganisms to experiment with biology as material sets out not simply to educate but to also be part of the early culture that metabolizes the changes underway. Amino is a design driven mini-lab that allows users to carry out a bacterial transformation and enables the subsequent care and feeding of the cells that are grown. Inspired by Tamagotchis, the genetic transformation of an organisms DN A is performed by the user through guided interactions, resulting in their synthetic organism for which they can care like you would a pet. Amino is developed using low cost ways of carrying out lab-like procedures in the home and is packaged in a suitcase-sized continuous bioreactor for cells. Basically, Julie, who AFAIK had no background in the sciences before coming to the Media Lab, taught herself enough synthetic biology to create a small, easy-to-use bioengineering kit that lets anyone create and take care of living cells. And now, with the help of the E14 Fund a Media Lab program that offers recent alumni a six-month-runway of funding and advising post-graduation shes founded a company, Amino Labs, to bring Amino to the general public. Heres what Julie told me about Amino: Ive always wanted to make my own little world and I think bioengineering cells allows me to do just that I get to create organisms with fun properties and take care of their little ecosystem by feeding, warming, balancing and playing with them. Thats one reason why I built Amino to make myself a biological tamagotchi. [The Amino is] a counter-top sized biolab that enables anyone to grow living cells to create new and interesting things like fragrances, flavours, materials, medicine, and more. Bioengineering is going to drive the next century in the same way electrical engineering shaped the last. It is important for everyone to the opportunity to experience the technology, hands on. Our goal is to make genetic engineering accessible to everyone and enable the next wave of personalized manufacturing using biology. To get you started, Amino ships with Amino Glow App your own ready-to-engineer living nightlight. You can learn more about Amino on the Amino: Desktop Bioengineering for Everyone IndieGogo page (which Ive backed). As someone who keeps a special eye out for makers in our admissions process, and has a general love of hands-on learning projects, I am really excited to see Amino launch; I feel like its a great synthesis of the overall strategy of learning-by-doing with MITs historic strengths in biotechnology and entrepreneurship. Go Julie and all of your tiny organic tamagotchis!

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The Historical Development Of Social Work Essay - 2618 Words

The historical development of social work and relationship to my career in social work Social work started as people helping each other out. Whether it was helping a neighbor, friend or just helping someone in need. According to DiNitto, D. M., McNeece, C. A. (2008), it states, â€Å"Since the dawn of civilization, altruism has been called a survival impulse because mutual aid helps people survive in hard times† (p. 4). Looking at by motivating cooperation rather than conflict, it promotes harmony within. (n.d.). Altruism is defined as (1) Loving others as oneself. (2) Behaviour that promotes the survival chances of others at a cost to ones own. (3) Self-sacrifice for the benefit of others (â€Å"By motivating cooperation rather than conflict, it promotes harmony within,† n.d.). Therefore, showing brotherly or sisterly love to one’s neighbor or a person in need is altruism and this has been going on for a long time way before the social work came into effect. This was a way to help people who may have lost their job and did not have anything left or people who are disabled and in one way, shape or form they were unable to work, people came together to help and this was the beginning. Social work came about because of the effort of many people. The first person is Dorothea L. Dix. Mental issues have always been an issue that people did not know what to do with. People presumed mental issue as a disease and did not know how to treat it. Dorothea Dix became a pioneer for theseShow MoreRelatedContemporary Social Theory And Functionalist Approach1457 Words   |  6 Pagespreference over other in contemporary social theory these themes consist of relationship between society and self, nature of social life, possibility, and role of social transformation, structure of social institutions and themes such as class, gender, and race. Contemporary social theory is given importance due to the fact that helps in evaluating the societal features easi ly. In this paper, the three different contexts that contribute in the development of contemporary social theory are discussed and explainedRead MoreRepresentation Of Class And Class Struggle1166 Words   |  5 PagesLater theorist like Hall and Chakrabarty assert traditional early social science premised on white patriarchal, male dominated European colonialism and ideology alone, does nott consider the important values of other cultures and the articulation of race in the historical development and Capitalism. Thus they assert that the past, and present practices and histories of other races, cultures’ and cultures practices thwart the totalizing attempt of the earlier theorist like Gramsci and Bourdieu. 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According to Bourdieu, Class â€Å"is not defined by real property† but is determined by the structure of relations between values art, social graces and other resourcesRead MoreThe Manhattan Project National Historical Park1471 Words   |  6 PagesPreserving a monument that represents a past event is essential for the mind to understand both the physical and social reality of life. Throughout the United States, there is an estimate of 50 preserved National Historical Parks and 90 preserved National Historic Sites acros s the country. 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Smoking Ban Free Essays

The Smoking Ban Brandon Samuel January 24, 2013 The Smoking Ban Smoking is a popular pass time. At the same time, it also threatens the lives of millions of people, smoker and non-smokers alike. Smoking kills more people each year than any other disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Smoking Ban or any similar topic only for you Order Now Smoking kills 2 out 10 people each year in developed countries. (PAHO, 2007) Secondhand smoke puts non-smokers at similar risk to that of smokers. Retrospectively non-smokers feel their rights are being violated. Smokers want to have a choice to smoke where they want. Smokers claim smoking is a legal act so why ban it? Forty Six million smokers make their own health decisions to smoke. However, the Environmental Protection agency drafted a report, in May of 1992, stating that second hand smoke is a carcinogen. Every state in America should address this problem on a national level and local level. Smoking should be banned from all public facilities. Several states have passed smoking laws making it illegal to smoke in any public facility. In California, it’s illegal to smoke in a car with children under the age of 18 aboard. Other states such as Maine, Louisiana, Puerto Rico, and Arkansas have similar car smoking laws- with different ages that apply. Many variations of policies have been set locally to support a nationwide movement to have smoke free laws in every state. Among these states Michigan is also among these states jumping on board for smoke free environments. The clean air act was established to protect citizens against harmful effects of smoking or second hand smoke. There are currently 13 states that have no statewide ban and simply rely on the clean air act to restrict smoking. These laws of the clean air act are very broad and may restrict per county but it is up to the state to apply specifics to their area. As Smoking has been a habit of choice for many Americans, laws and policies are set in place to protect those who wish not to be affected by second hand smoke. Michigan has been among many states adapting to the change. Jennifer Granholm signed a bill on December 18, 2009 which was put into place on May 1, 2010 where all public areas including workplaces, restaurants, and bars ill be smoke free. The policy also states, unlike California and other states that you may not smoke on any patio of these establishments as well. Opinions of others feel that this is quite harsh as people feel they should be able to smoke outside on a patio at the establishment. The bill defines and explains all appropriate measures which must be taken in order to uphold the law. The sections describe actions for company owners to prohibit smoking in these areas and to also pos t signs around the establishment. (Mulder, 2010) There are two exceptions to the smoking ban which includes cigar bars and tobacco specialty stores. Both of these businesses must file an affidavit with the department and await approval. The bill is very specific about what is allowed and what not allowed for these establishments is. For example, you may not smoke cigarettes in the cigar bar, only cigars. The second exception to the policy is casinos. If the casino was established before the bill was called into action then patrons may smoke in the facility. However, casinos that are established after May, 1, 2010 must be smoke free. Penalties of this bill are determined to be no more than 100 for the first offense and no more than 500 for the second offense. Food establishments that do not permit smoking as according to the law may not discriminate against employees who do smoke. (Mulder, 2010) Below are a list of state and local laws that pertain to the United States and the participation of this policy. †¢ Across the United States, 21,884 municipalities are covered by a 100% smoke free provision in non-hospitality workplaces, and/or restaurants, and/or bars, by either a state, commonwealth, territorial, or local law, representing 79. % of the US population. †¢ 39 states and the District of Columbia have local laws in effect that requires non-hospitality workplaces and/or restaurants and/or bars to be 100% smoke free. There are 2,140 states, commonwealths, territories, cities, and counties with a law that restricts smoking in one or more outdoor areas, including 1,056 that restrict smoking near entran ces, windows, and ventilation systems of enclosed places; 1,497 that restrict smoking in public outdoor places such as parks and beaches; 253 that prohibit smoking in all outdoor stadiums and other sports and entertainment enues, and 361 that restrict smoking in some areas within outdoor stadiums and other sports and entertainment venues. (ANRF, 2012) †¢ Smoking is a habit that many people engage in throughout America. It can also be thought of as a social activity, and many people who do not smoke normally will smoke especially when they go to bars, restaurants, and casinos. At the same time, smoking is a great health risk, which endangers not only the user, but also everyone who is in the same area as the user. In this context, this paper will examine the pros and cons of banning smoking in bars and restaurants and will provide an ethical solution to this debatable issue. Looking at ethical solutions to this problem depends on how you view the issue at hand. Quit smoking in enclosed spaces or continue the way we have always done things. What about giving people the choice not to be engulfed by SHS? Does the smoker’s right to smoke trump the right to not smoke or be affected by SHS? If no, then set rules and regulations. Those who don’t follow will have consequences. Clarks article states that an amazing 88% of Americans feel that smoking is annoying. Too much surprise, most smokers support a smoking ban as well. We could cater to the 88% and develop solutions to these problems such as; make it illegal to smoke in any public facility. Another solution would be to install advanced air filtering systems to enable smokers to continue to smoke indoors as long – as the filtering systems prove to be efficient. This may be the key to help the smokers, less likely to feel isolated and attacked. Another possible solution would be to spend money on outdoor areas (patios) where customers may eat or socialize outside together. This would actually draw non-smokers and smokers together in an environment where they could mingle together without feeling like they are being harmed physically or emotionally. If your business was located in a cold area, the owners could also install outdoors heaters to allow year round patios. To clarify misconceptions even further, the Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons, written by Michael L. Marlow, reports that the best evidence reported that smoking bans put into place does not pose an economical threat to the any business. (Marlow, 2009) In addition to public smoking remedies, there should be a smoking ban in any vehicle that transports a child under the age of 18 years old. By making the age 18, there is no question of rights that are infringed. You have to be 18 to buy and smoke cigarettes, so lets keep it consistent and simple. Given scientific information on the effects of smoking a non-objectivist would agree that sometimes simplicity is the key. Waller, 2008, p. 175) As stated previously smoking is a greater cause of death and disability than any single disease, says the World Health Organization. According to their figures, it is responsible for approximately 3. 5 million deaths worldwide every year – or about 7% of all deaths. (BBC News: Smoking) Moreover, the World Health Organization says that by 2020 17. 7 percent of all deaths in developed countries will be the result of smoking (BBC News: Smoking). This means that out of every 10 people who die roughly two people die because of smoking. The WHO is currently working on a global level to achieve 100 % smoke free environment in any enclosed space. This is to include airlines, schools, workplace, health facilities, bars, restaurants, and all public facilities. This global organization recognizes the dangers that come from smoking and also would like to help educate our youth on the effects of smoking. This type of action would focus on preventative measures to lower the percentages of smokers in the years to come. WHO, 1999) There was also a recent study done by the United States Societies actuary and it reported that a combination of direct and indirect medical costs estimated about 10 billion dollars in health care costs associated with smoking. To sup port this estimate, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration reported that a clean air act would save US employers 15 billion dollars annually and the workforce productivity would raise about 3. 5 %. (PAHO, 2007) To begin, the argument for allowing smoking in b ars and restaurants is that many people go to bars and restaurants to relax and socialize. Historically, smoking has been a part of these activities, especially drinking and socializing in bars, pubs and nightclubs. Charles Clark writes in his article about the desperate attempts to cut down smoking in public facilities. Politicians, administrators, and supervisors are looking for policies that they can move forward with- in order to â€Å"crackdown on smoking†. Clark notes that since the smoking ban issue has been pushed so heavily and been in the forefront of everyone’s minds, smokers have been feeling publicly humiliated, vilified, and ridiculed. Clark, 1992) The ban of smoking could, in this context, jeopardize businesses by forcing businesses to ban activities in which their customers engage. This economic factor is potentially problematic, since it is often a good thing for businesses to further profits by catering to the wishes and desires of the customer. Secondly, bars are places where everyone knows that people smoke and so they enter into this envi ronment of their own free will. Thus, smoking in this case is not a malicious activity, since everyone freely chooses to visit a place that allows smoking. Thirdly, it is potentially problematic to dissuade what is often considered a social activity in a social environment. In the context of the pros to banning smoking in bars and restaurant, these cons to banning smoking in a bars and restaurants hold up different viewpoints. First of all, smoking is a serious health risk both to all customers and the people who serve them. Studies have also proven that the smoking bans have not affected the businesses that are on board. In fact, it has increased business and people are generally supporting the change. PAHO, 2007) This also brings up another issue of whether or not to ban smoking in every workplace establishment and vehicles with children as well. Overall, according to the World Health Organization, smoking kills and disables more people worldwide than any other disease. This means that smoking, which is a chosen habit, kills more people than serious worldwide disease such as AIDS. Tynan’s article reports that the American Nonsm okers ‘ Rights Foundation estimated 33% of US residents live in areas where smoking bans have already been set in place. Tynan, Babb,  , 2008,  May). When looking at the smoking ban we can include the smoking ban to incorporate all public facilities, transportation (airplanes, trains, buses), and also vehicles with children aboard. Right now children are suffering from second hand smoke. In many states it is still legal to smoke in your car with children. But what isn’t exploited is that the World Health Organization reports that 700 million children are exposed to second hand smoke. SHS exposure causes upper respiratory infections and increases the chance of asthma. PAHO, 2007) Shouldn’t America fight for protecting adult non-smokers, but also the children too? In regards to SHS in the workplace The Employee Relations Law Journal (2006) Tomkowicz and Lessack make claims that workers who smoke, take longer and more frequent breaks. In addition, to longer brea ks there is a rise in the cost of health care, which is more expensive for everyone because of smoking and its many effects. The World Health organization supports this claim as well, adding that economically the businesses are at higher risk for fire, more expensive cleaning fees, and higher insurance premiums. PAHO, 2007) Non-smokers feel the smoking ban has a positive impact on the health of everyone, so let’s continue the progression and move forward with a nationwide ban. These reasons alone should show that public establishments and society should support a clean air act. A habit, which kills and injures so many people worldwide and in the US, is hard to embrace. In a larger respect, one could argue that, considering these facts, it is the duty of our United States government to protect people when they go to public places from the awful effects of smoking. The biggest reason, moreover, that smoking should be banned from restaurants, bars, public places, and transportation is that we need to find a way to protect the rights of individuals asking for a choice to stay healthy. Why should smokers infringe their choice on others? It would be safe to say that the opposing views of the smoking bans derive from a universal ethical egoism viewpoint where as Bruce Waller’s text Consider Ethics (2008) describes ethical egoism as everybody does what benefits them, not considering others views or values. Waller, 2008, p. 87) Although ethical egoism deserves consideration society should also consider utilitarianism as another ethical viewpoint. Although these negative myths about the smoking ban can be refuted, and smokers understand consequences of smoking tot heir own health, smokers have to also calculate the consequences to non-smokers as well. Assuming the United States Government fights these battles locally, nationally, and statewide, many of the Americans will continue to decline in health and continue to die each year from tobacco and SHS. If society looks at second hand smoke in an ethical manner they could see that SHS is detrimental to ones health and we have a moral obligation to our fellow humans to not impose serious health risks upon others. Another aspect to point out is that most of America does not smoke. There are more non smoker s that there are smokers. Also smokers generally want to quit but still smoke because of nicotine addition. A lot of smokers support a clean air act. There are several myths that are brought about from the tobacco industry. Cleary looking at the difference between right and wrong is this case is key. People should have the right NOT to smoke, even passively. Simply, have rules and regulations on where smokers can and cannot smoke. Based on scientific knowledge, many Americans and organizations that support the smoking ban has begun to campaign against second hand smoke. If the smoking ban does not progress, we may see backlash of an angry population. We could also see US studies providing that second hand smoke increases the number of people with lung cancer and heart disease. People who are addicted to smoking should be treated with compassion in order to help their habit. However, they should not be permitted to harm others by chemical means. If America cannot agree to enforce public smoking laws, then we will continue to see declines in smoker’s health including cancer and fatal deaths resulting from a carcinogenic agent, such as cigarette smoke. In regards to smoking in the workforce, employees who are continually and routinely exposed to a lot of second-hand smoke may end up walking away from their jobs, due to the health risks. In this respect, non-smokers can be subjected to the same ailments and risks that smokers are subject to. This fact in itself makes it plainly evident that smokers endanger others by smoking, and that in view of public health, the government must pass laws which protect its citizens from health hazards, especially ones which kill more people so violently. Conclusion To conclude, the arguments for allowing smoking in bars and restaurants rest on the assumptions of the past, that smoking is a social activity and should be allowed in public places. But since that time in the early 20th century when smoking was much more prevalent among adults, medicine has discovered absolutely that smoking greatly jeopardizes the life and quality of life of millions of people, smokers and non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke alike. M. Tynan says that the 2006 Surgeons General’s Report concluded that SHS causes premature death and disease in young children and nonsmoking adults. This means that the government must enact changes in the law to reflect this scientific knowledge. Overall, however, when weighing both the pros and cons, it becomes very evident that smoking is too harmful to people’s health and must be publicly censured as much as possible. Given all these factors of smoking the US government should provide a universal ban for smoking in public facilities. With the exception of those establishments who provide an area, which is sealed off, and the air current is ventilated away from the general public. Only then would a bar or restaurant owner be able to allow smoking in this space. Millions of Americans chooses not to smoke. However, they are not given the chance to get away from second hand smoke. In most states it is still legal to smoke in restaurants, bars, casinos, and public facilities. Why is the law taking their right away to be healthy, but yet not taking the right away from smokers all the while letting them blow smoke in their way? What is more important the right to smoke or your right to good health? References ANRF. (2012, January 02). Overview list – how many smoke free laws?. Retrieved from http://www. no-smoke. org/pdf/mediaordlist. pdf Clark, Charles. (1992). Are bans on tobacco use unfair to smokers? Crackdown on smoking, 2(45), Retrieved from http://library. cqpress. com. ezproxy. falcon. edu/cqresearcher/document. php? id=cqresrre1992120400=hitlist=0 doi: cqresrre1992120400 Marlow, Michael L. (Summer 2009). Epidemiologic and economic research, and the question of smoking bans. (Essay). Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons  14. 2  :  58(3). Health Reference Center Academic. Gale. Baker College. 23 Oct. 2009   . Gale Document Number:A201551415 Mulder, M. (2010, February 04). Michigan smoking ban exemptions and enforcement. Retrieved from http://www. michiganpolicy. com/index. php? option=com_content=article=693:michigan-smoking-ban-exemptions-and-enforcement=43:health-care-policy-briefs=159 Pan American Health Organization, PAHO (2007, May 23). Smoke free inside. Retrieved from http://www. paho. org/english/ad/sde/ra/Engbrochure. pdf Slovak, Lila E. (Fall 2007). Smoke screens: why state laws making it a crime to smoke in cars containing children are a bad idea. Family Law Quarterly  41. 3  :  601(21). Health Reference Center Academic. Gale. Baker College. 23 Oct. 2009   . Gale Document Number:A175284505 Tomkowicz, Sandra M. ,  and  Susan K. Lessack. (Winter 2006). Where there’s smoke: employer policies on smoking. Employee Relations Law Journal  32. 3:  48(18). Health Reference Center Academic. Gale. Baker College. 23 Oct. 2009 Gale Document Number:A156054991. Tynan,  M. ,  Babb,  S. ,  Ã‚  MacNeil,  A.. (2008,  May). State Smoking Restrictions for Private-Sector Worksites, Restaurants, and Bars – United States, 2004 and 2007. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report,  57(20),  549-552. Retrieved October 23, 2009, from ProQuest Nursing Allied Health Source. (Document ID:  1500262111). Waller, N. B. (2008). Consider Ethics: Theory, Readings, and Contemporary Issues (2nd ed. ). Pearson Education, Inc. World Health Organization, WHO, (1999, August 6). Action plan on tobacco or health. Retrieved from http://www. wpro. who. int/NR/rdonlyres/1167BB28-E2D2-4C61-A5CB-234BD303C3BC/0/RC5011. pdf How to cite Smoking Ban, Papers

The World I Come From Essay Example For Students

The World I Come From Essay 1) I come from a world where most of the time dreams never come true. It doesn’t matter how much you fight for them, they just keep running away. When I was in college, in my country (Cuba), I was filling a paper like this one telling what I wanted to study as a major. At that moment all I wanted to be was a Designer. I still remember that day perfectly, it was raining a lot, and the restless wind start to get inside the classroom making that unique noise of horror movies. Our professor was sitting in his desk waiting patiently for us to finish our assignment. While we were working on it he stand up and said: â€Å"remember that everything you want to be it’s going to change the way you live and the things you like†. I didn’t understood what he was talking about, but now I do. Two years later I was almost done with school. I was happy, dreaming of working at the Industrial Design Building. Then a professor comes to me and says: I’m sorry but there’s no more space in the building. We will write a custom essay on The World I Come From specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now And I asked in a sad tone: Why? He told me this: Right now the country doesn’t need designers so they are cutting down the jobs, I’m sorry. That’s why I came to this country. Here I have the opportunity to start a new life were everything is possible, I just have to keep fighting, because people that refuse to get nothing but the best, they often get it. Back in my country, family and friends was all that matters. They are the ones that make life so much better; they were always there for me, in the good times and in the bad ones. The school was that place where people of different cultures and religions where united in a wonderful group call students. All this has made me who I am at this moment; a person that never surrenders. And even though I regret some things, I’m happy that they happened that way, because I learned from them that life is all about loving and never giving up. Also I learned that everything happens for a reason, our duty is to find it. 2) I’m working towards a Psychology major because I’ve always been interested in understanding how human brain works and why people do what they do. I have a little bit of experience in this field because I’ve read a lot of self improvement and psychology books and I’ve helped a lot of my friends to go through hard times in their lives. This takes me back to Cuba again. I was sitting in the bus stop with my best friend, called Christian. In just an instant a noisy car passed by and the only words I heard from my friend was â€Å"I broke†. Once the car disappeared in the foggy distance I asked him: You broke what? And he looked down and said: I broke up with my girlfriend. There was a long silence after this and nothing came out of my mouth. Then he raised his head and looked at me and I noticed his watery eyes. That was when I decided to help him with everything I could. This is what I told him: Chris, she will never find a person that will love her the way you did. You were her everything, you were always helping and making her feel good and beautiful. Once she is away from you she will start missing every part of you, and then she will regret the decision that she took. And even though, don’t be sad, take this as a lesson to understand what wasn’t working and why. Go out with some friends and girls and enjoy your new girlfriend: Freedom. There are a lot of women out there waiting for a guy like you. My goal with this conversation wasn’t to elevate his ego, my true goal was to give him hope and to make him understand that there’s a whole world out there waiting to be conquered and that if something makes you feel bad there’s always a solution, you just have to stand up and go for it. .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878 , .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878 .postImageUrl , .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878 , .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878:hover , .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878:visited , .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878:active { border:0!important; } .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878:active , .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878 .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u90086e5c6319a6c452e240cf5c558878:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rise of the Superpowers (USA and USSR) EssayMy friend was thankful to me for what I did and he encouraged me to go for Psychology as a professional career because he said I knew how to stay calm and how to face most of the problems that people struggle with. Days passed by and my desire to work helping people made me feel like I was becoming a better person so I started to read and learn everything I could about psychology and I even did some social experiments with my friends. Thanks to all this I feel more prepared to confront problems in life and to help others to deal with their issues. All this experiences in my life made me change my idea of who I wanted to be. Now I don’t want to be sitting in a desk designing cars, products, machines or clothes. What I really want now it’s to be out there helping everyone and learning everything I can to make life easier and happier for all the people that surround me.

21 Plutonium Facts (Pu or Atomic Number 94)

21 Plutonium Facts (Pu or Atomic Number 94) You probably know that plutonium is an element and that plutonium is radioactive, but what else do you know about it? Learn more with these fascinating facts about plutonium. Fast Facts: Plutonium Name: PlutoniumElement Symbol: PuAtomic Number: 94Atomic Mass: 244 (for the most stable isotope)Appearance: A silvery-white solid metal at room temperature, which quickly oxidizes to dark gray in airElement Type: ActinideElectron Configuration:  [Rn] 5f6  7s2 Facts About Plutonium Here are 21 useful and interesting facts about plutonium: The element symbol for plutonium is Pu, rather than Pl, because this was a more amusing, easily remembered symbol.  The element was synthetically produced by Glenn T. Seaborg, Edwin M. McMillan, J.W. Kennedy, and A.C. Wahl at the University of California at Berkeley in 1940–1941. The researchers submitted news of the discovery and the proposed name and symbol to the journal Physical Review but withdrew it when it became apparent plutonium could be used for an atomic bomb. The elements discovery was kept secret until after World War II.Pure plutonium is a silvery-white metal, although it quickly oxidizes in air to a dull finish.The atomic number of plutonium is 94, meaning all atoms of plutonium have 94 protons.  It has an atomic weight around 244, a melting point of  640 C (1183 F), and a boiling point of  3228 C (5842 F).Plutonium oxide forms on the surface of plutonium exposed to air. The oxide is pyrophoric, so pieces of plutonium might glow like embers as the outer coating burns. Plutonium is one of a handful of radioactive elements that glows in the dark, although the glow is from heat. Ordinarily, there are six allotropes, or forms, of plutonium. A seventh allotrope exists at high temperatures. These allotropes have different crystal structures and densities. Changes in environmental conditions readily cause plutonium to shift from one allotrope to another, making plutonium a difficult metal to machine. Alloying the element with other metals (e.g., aluminum, cerium, gallium) helps make it possible to work and weld the material.Plutonium displays colorful oxidation states in aqueous solution. These states tend not to be stable, so plutonium solutions may spontaneously change oxidation states and colors.  The colors of the oxidation states are as follows:Pu(III) is lavender or violet.​Pu(IV) is golden brown.Pu(V) is pale pink.Pu(VI) is orange-pink.Pu(VII) is green. Note this oxidation state is uncommon. The 2 oxidation state also occurs in complexes.Unlike most substances, plutonium increases in density as it melts. The increase in density is about 2.5%. Nea r its melting point, liquid plutonium also exhibits higher-than-usual viscosity and surface tension for a metal. Plutonium is used in radioisotope thermoelectric generators, which are used to power spacecraft. The element has been used in nuclear weapons, including the Trinity test and the bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki. Plutonium-238 was once used to power heart pacemakers.Plutonium and its compounds are toxic and accumulate in bone marrow. Inhalation of plutonium and its compounds increases the risk of lung cancer, although many people have inhaled substantial amounts of plutonium yet didnt develop lung cancer. Inhaled plutonium is said to have a metallic taste.Criticality accidents involving plutonium have occurred. The amount of plutonium required for critical mass is about one-third that necessary for uranium-235. Plutonium in solution is more likely to form critical mass than solid plutonium because the hydrogen in water acts as a moderator.Plutonium is not magnetic. Other members of the element group stick to magnets, but plutonium can have a variable number of electrons in its valenc e shell, which makes it difficult for the unpaired electrons to align in a magnetic field. The element name follows the trend of uranium and neptunium being named for planets outward from the Sun. Plutonium is named for the dwarf planet Pluto.Plutonium is not a good conductor of electricity or heat, unlike some metals.The alpha form of plutonium is hard and brittle, while the delta form is soft and ductile.Plutonium occurs naturally in the Earths crust in uranium ores, but it is very rare. The main source of the element is synthesis in reactors from uranium-238.Plutonium is a member of the actinide element group, which makes it a type of transition metal.

Description and Examples of Variables

Description and Examples of Variables A variable is a name for a place in the computers memory where you store some data. Imagine a very large warehouse with lots of storage bays, tables, shelves, special rooms etc. These are all places where you can store something. Lets imagine we have a crate of beer in the warehouse. Where exactly is it located? We wouldnt say that it is stored 31 2 from the west wall and 27 8 from the north wall. In programming terms we also wouldnt say that my total salary paid this year is stored in four bytes starting at location 123,476,542,732 in RAM. Data in a PC The computer will place variables in different locations each time our program is run. However, our program knows exactly where the data is located. We do this by creating a variable to refer to it and then let the compiler handle all the messy details about where it is actually located. It is far more important to us to know what type of data we will be storing in the location. In our warehouse, our crate might be in section 5 of shelf 3 in the drinks area. In the PC, the program will know exactly where its variables are located. Variables Are Temporary They exist just as long as they are needed and are then disposed of. Another analogy is that variables are like numbers in a calculator. As soon as you hit the clear or power off buttons, the display numbers are lost. How Big Is a Variable As big as is needed and no more. The smallest a variable can be is one bit and the largest is millions of bytes. Current processors handle data in chunks of 4 or 8 bytes at a time (32 and 64 bit CPUs), so the bigger the variable, the longer it will take to read or write it. The size of the variable depends on its type. What Is a Variable Type? In modern programming languages, variables are declared to be of a type. Apart from numbers, the CPU does not make any kind of distinction between the data in its memory. It treats it as a collection of bytes. Modern CPUs (apart from those in mobile phones) can usually handle both integer and floating point arithmetic in hardware. The compiler has to generate different machine code instructions for each type, so knowing what the type of variable helps it generate optimal code. What Types of Data Can a Variable Hold? The fundamental types are these four. Integers (both signed and unsigned) 1,2,4 or 8 bytes in size. Usually referred to as ints.Floating Point Numbers up to 8 bytes in size.Bytes. These are organized in 4s or 8s (32 or 64 bits) and read in and out of the CPUs registers.Text strings, up to billions of bytes in size. CPUs have special instructions for searching through large blocks of bytes in memory. This is very handy for text operations. There is also a general variable type, often used in scripting languages. Variant - This can hold any type but is slower to use. Example of Data Types Arrays of types- single dimension like drawers in a cabinet, two-dimensional like post office sorting boxes or three dimensional like a pile of beer crates. There can be any number of dimensions, up to the limits of the compiler.Enums which are a restricted subset of integers.  Read about  what is an enum is.Structs are a composite variable where several variables are lumped together in one big variable.Streams provide a way to manage files. Theyre a form of a string.Objects, are like structs but with much more sophisticated data handling. Where are Variables Stored? In memory but in different ways, depending on how they are used. Globally. All parts of the program can access and change the value. This is how older languages like Basic and Fortran used to handle data and it is not considered a good thing. Modern languages tend to discourage global storage though it is still possible.On the Heap. This is the name for the main area used. In C and C, access to this is via pointer variables.On the Stack. The stack is a block of memory that is used to store parameters passed into functions, and variables that exist local to functions. Conclusion Variables are essential to procedural programming, but it is important not to get too hung up on the underlying implementation unless you are doing systems programming or writing applications that have to run in a small amount of RAM. Our rules regarding variables: Unless you are tight on ram or have large arrays, stick with ints rather than a byte (8 bits) or short int (16 bits). Especially on 32 Bit CPUs, there is an extra delay penalty in accessing less than 32 bits.Use floats instead of doubles unless you need the precision.Avoid variants unless really necessary. They are slower.

RESPONSIBLE RESEARCHER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

RESPONSIBLE RESEARCHER - Essay Example Another set of motivations deals with pressures that students claim to be under, some of which may be real and others of which may be rationalizations for dishonesty, but all of which shift the responsibility for their behavior away from themselves. I realize my responsibility in delivering authentic papers and will not try to place other person's success or failure on me. I am positive that it will not bring any genuine realization to myself, but rather will show me in a different light, present me as a person with different qualities and talents. I now realize that academic dishonesty might be the first step to dishonest behavior in gradually all areas in life that will sooner or later lead to failure. The next factor of academic dishonesty that I would like to note is a pressures and overloads during academic years. These factor along with improper explanation of the material are often results of academic cheating. There were times when I had to work during my studies and thus sometimes failed the courses, however I have never plagiarized or conducted any other unacceptable behavior. I have learnt to manage stress and meet the deadline and have realized that this, along with honesty and clearness of education goals is guarantee of success. While my education, I am going to divide my time effectively and make it possible to accommodate my work to studies and not conversely. That, by means, effective time management: devoting a reasonable part of time on involvement in Campus life when making studies of academic subjects and keeping the excellent academic performnce the bsic priority. ccording to recent sttistics, provided in research by Philip Langlais, proportion of college students who chet t some point in their creers rnge from low of 25% to high of 80%, but the most common estimte is bout hlf. Not ll of these, of course, re hbitul cheters; mny students chet only under wht they regrd s extreme circumstnces nd my chet only "two or three times in their whole creers." Some students claim that cheating is a means of "balancing the books, " as it were, with professors whom they perceive to be acting unfairly, such as requiring too heavy a work load, giving tests that are too difficult, and grading too harshly. Some students admit to a lack of effort-not attending class, not wanting to do the work-as a reason for their academic dishonesty. Other students claim that, as it were, "the devil made me do it": They say they gave into an irresistible temptation when an opportunity to cheat arose. Still others see cheating as a game or contest of wits between themselves and their professors. Finally, students say that facilitation of academic dishonesty is motivated by adherence to loyalties outside the

Managing in a global context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Managing in a global context - Essay Example Fashions diffuse from region to another without encountering any barrier. On the political context, globalization has yielded democratic governance hence increasing citizens’ participation, as well as good governance. One of the most outstanding impacts of globalization in relation to economic aspects is its effects on the automobile industry. For the past three decades, the world has realized a revolution in the automobile industry in terms of production, purchase, use, and repair among others. There is a change in the way people access motor vehicles today compared to previous years when production and purchasing were pegged on certain parameters such as location and prices. Today, the production of the automobile takes place in nearly every developed nation. People no longer look to the East for the production, but most countries produce motor vehicles. Similarly, it has changed and influenced the automobile industry in the developing nations as well as the marketing strate gies. The rest of the paper will discuss the influence of globalization on markets and marketing strategies, global production and supply chain, current developments and key players among other issues. Globalization has greatly influenced the markets and marketing strategies of major players in the automobile industry. The major players include General Motors (GM), Toyota, Ford, Honda, BMW, Chrysler, and Volkswagen (Sturgeon 2009). All these key players operate in the global marketplace and compete fiercely for market share. The process of globalization has eased the production of vehicles due to increased sales. For instance, globalization promoted the establishment of overseas facilities and merger opportunities between giant automobile makers. This has led to increased production as well as marketing. The process of globalization has facilitated the key players to market their brands as well as to tailor the

Binary Phase Shift Keying BPSK Modulation Demodulation Computer Science Essay

Binary Phase Shift Keying BPSK Modulation Demodulation Computer Science Essay This experiment is based on the Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation/demodulation technique. The aim of the experiment is to gain familiarity with the components of a simple data transmission system, gain experience using an experimental communication system and studying its performance under the influence of white noise and also, to compare experimental results with theoretical deductions. Bandpass modulation, of which BPSK is a type, is a process whereby, a sinusoid usually called a carrier wave, is modulated or have its characteristics changed by a digital pulse baseband signal in other to enable wireless based transmission. In BPSK modulation, the phase of the carrier waveform is shifted to either 0Â ° or 180Â ° by the modulating data signal. To effectively model the transmission channel, the AWGN generator is used which adds the effect of noise to the signal at the receiver in other to properly characterise what obtains in real systems. SNR measurements are taken after the noise is added before the receiver and results of each stage of the experiment are presented. 2.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results obtained from the experiment and brief discussions are now presented. 2.1 The frequency of the waveform was measured to be 1.493kHz 2.2 The amplitude of the waveform was measured to be 3.608V 2.3 C:Documents and SettingsAGEBNIGADesktopLAB RESULTSPart 2.bmp Fig. 1: Square Waveform from NE555 timer circuit. The timer circuit produces a sequence of ones and zeros which together with the resistors and capacitor, produces a square waveform. It can be observed that the square top and bottom are not perfectly straight but with ripples, this is due to the resonance effect presented by the capacitor. Also, the rising pattern of the top is due to the voltage rise time in the capacitor. 2.4 The frequency of the message sequence is measured to be 374Hz 2.5 C:Documents and SettingsAGEBNIGALocal SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.WordPart 4 5.bmp Fig. 2: Message sequence at the output of the frequency divider. The SN74LS74 integrated circuit implements a second order frequency divider, 2n (n=2). Hence the frequency of the timer circuit is divided by four. Hence, this is also evident in the frequency of the message sequence in 2.4 above. 2.6 The cut-off frequency of the 2nd order Butterworth low pass filter is given by; The cut-off frequency is the frequency at which the magnitude of the transfer function drops to 0.7071 of its maximum value which represents the point at which the power in the circuit is 3dB less than the maximum value. 2.7 The frequency of the sinusoid at the output of the filter was measured to be 1.328kHz. 2.8 C:Documents and SettingsAGEBNIGALocal SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.Wordpart 8.jpg Fig. 3: Output of the first and second Butterworth LPF. A B A Output of first filter; B Output of second filter The Butterworth lowpass filter is used to generate the sinusoidal carrier required for the baseband signal. The Butterworth filter has a gentle roll-off, has no ripple in the pass or stop band hence, it has a monotonic response. To maximise the smoothness of the sinusoid, we use two of such filters in series. 2.9 The RC highpass filter is used to remove the DC components of the sinusoid (since it will only allow frequencies from the cut off frequency upwards) and convert it into a non-return to zero one. The cut-off frequency is given by: 2.10 The frequency of the modulated signal was measured to be 1.408kHz. 2.11 C:Documents and SettingsAGEBNIGALocal SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.WordPart 11.bmp Fig. 4: Output of the RC filter and the inverting amplifier circuits. A B A RC filter output B Inverting amplifier output The outputs of the RC filter and the inverting amplifier differ by a phase shift of 180Â °, to fulfil the requirement for BPSK where we need antipodal modulated signals. Since the gain of the inverting amplifier is unity, there is no change to the amplitude of the inverted carrier. 2.12 C:Documents and SettingsAGEBNIGALocal SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.WordPart 10 12.bmp Fig. 5: BPSK signal at the output of the adder circuit. A The analogue switch produces a 0Â ° shifted sinusoid when the message signal is high (a 1) and a 180Â ° shifted sinusoid when the message signal is low (a 0). The two outputs streams are combined in the adder circuit which has a gain of unity so that no modification is made to the signal amplitude. The result of this is a stream of 1s and 0s represented by the sinusoidal waveform in fig. 5 above. Point A depicts the sudden phase change as the bits changes to connote a transition from a high to a low and vice-versa. If we begin with a 1, then the fig. 4 would represent 10101010. 2.13 The bandwidth of the noise signal is 500kHz. 2.14 C:Documents and SettingsAGEBNIGALocal SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.WordPart 14.jpg Fig. 6: BPSK signal with white noise. The AWGN channel helps to simulate what can typically obtain in real communication environments and it was observed that in real systems, the signal is not really as elegant as presented in fig. 5 but the addition of noise means the receiver will require some form of intelligence and signal processing in other to correctly detect the transmitted message. 2.15C:Documents and SettingsAGEBNIGALocal SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.WordPart 15.jpg Fig. 7: BPSK noisy signal at output of RC lowpass filter. The cut-off frequency of this filter is given by; hence it will cut off signals above 15.92kHz. It was observed that after the application of this filter, the noise level was significantly reduced as evident comparing fig. 6 and 7, since the noise contained a large amount of frequency components higher than 15.92kHz due to its bandwidth of 500kHz. 2.16 The signal at the output of the integrator takes the shape of a sawtooth waveform. This is because integrating a square waveform produces a sawtooth waveform. 2.17 C:Documents and SettingsAGEBNIGALocal SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.WordPart 16 17.bmp Fig. 8: Output of the integrator circuit. A B The multiplier and integrator circuit represents a matched filter implementation at the receiver. Point A represents the zero point i.e the beginning of a new symbol or bit in this case, when the integrator is re-set. As such, when a 1 changes to a 0, we have a re-set to zero point and the direction of the triangular shape changes to the opposite. Point B is the integration phase proper. It is not smooth due to the effect of noise in the system. Also, the rise is a direct result of the capacitor charging. 2.18 C:Documents and SettingsAGEBNIGALocal SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.WordPart 18.jpg Fig. 9: Pulse application to integrator. A B A Integrator output; B Reset Pulse As displayed on fig. 8 above, the reset pulse is applied to the integrator at the symbol transition instant which is seen to be the beginning of every half cycle to reset the integrator to zero. 2.19 C:Documents and SettingsAGEBNIGALocal SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.WordPart 19a.png Fig. 10: The Reference Signal C:Documents and SettingsAGEBNIGALocal SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.Word19b.jpg Fig. 11: The Sampling Pulse C:Documents and SettingsAGEBNIGALocal SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.WordPart 19c.jpg Fig. 12: The Reset Pulse The reference signal is obtained from the SN74LS74 frequency divider of the transmitter thus it is the originally transmitted message sequence. The sampling and reset instances are done at the same time that is at the half cycle. 2.20 C:Documents and SettingsAGEBNIGALocal SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.WordPart 20.jpg Fig. 13: Output of the Comparator. This is where the original baseband signal is regenerated. From fig. 8, when the output of the integrator is positive, an output voltage of 5 volts is produced at the comparator and when the integrator output is negative, a 0 volt output is obtained. This resulted in fig. 13 above showing the alternating 5 and 0 volts or 1s and 0s which depicts our detected signal. The frequency of the detected signal is 1.419kHz. 2.21 The length of the delayed version of the data symbol produced at the receiver is 1.804ms 2.22 C:Documents and SettingsAGEBNIGALocal SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.WordPart 21 and 22 Greeen channel 2 yellow channel 1.bmp Fig. 14: The Delayed pulse and Original data signal. A B A- Delayed Pulse; B Original Pulse Comparing the original data signal against the delayed version, it is observed that though they are of the same period, B has longer duration positive half cycle while A compensates with a longer negative half cycle. Also, the time delay between them is about a half cycle. 2.23 C:Documents and SettingsAGEBNIGALocal SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.WordPart 23 yellow delay green comparator.bmp Fig. 15: Input Signals to the XOR circuit. A B A Delayed original signal; B Detected signal The detected signal B is compared against the delayed version of the original signal A, because B generally, B would have experienced some delay and hence to effectively ascertain if an error occurred, its best to compare it against a delayed original as represented by A. The exclusivity of the circuit lies in the fact that when A B are the same, a 0 will be produced while when they are different denoting an error, a 1 will be produced. 2.24 C:Documents and SettingsAGEBNIGALocal SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.WordPart 24 green 2 yellow 1.jpgFig. 16: Input Signals to the first NAND gate. A B A Sampling Pulse; B XOR Output A NAND gate will only produce a zero when both inputs are high. Hence a zero is obtained when the sampling instant coincides with a high output from the XOR circuit. 2.25 C:Documents and SettingsAGEBNIGALocal SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.WordPart 25 yellow chn1 5v dc green chn2 1st input.png Fig. 17: Input Signals to the second NAND gate. A B C A Input 5Vdc; B Output of first NAND gate; C Zero point Since a NAND gate will produce a high when both inputs are not the same and when they are both 0, a 5V dc (always high or 1) is applied to one of the inputs and the output of the first NAND gate to the other. Hence, at the points where B comes down to zero (C), the output of the NAND gate will record a high which implies an error has occurred. 2.26 To estimate the BER; Where Vs (rms value of signal amplitude) =514mV, Vn (rms value of noise amplitude) = 0-10dB W (AWGN channel bandwidth) = 500kHz T (modulated Signal period) = 656.25ÃŽÂ ¼s SNR received signal to noise ratio BER bit error rate or error probability. Table 1 below presents the values. Table 1: Summary of Results Fig. 18: BER Performance Plot 3.0 CONCLUSION The BER performance plot of fig. 18 shows that the behaviour of the experimental system is within the bounds of predicted theoretical results. For instance, as quoted in the lecture notes, at SNR= 10.4dB, the BER is about 1.510-6. From fig.18 above, a similar point, of SNR=10.3806dB gives a BER of 1.48810-6. Hence confirming the accuracy of the results obtained from the experiment. The plot confirms that as the signal-to-noise ratio increases, the error probability reduces in line with conventional knowledge. In addition, the process of using a baseband signal to modulate the phase of a sinusoid was observed, converting it into a bandpass signal for transmission ease. Also, the use of Additive White Gaussian Noise to simulate the channel provides an insight into what might be expected in a live system environment, under varying degrees of noise exposure. Finally, because the received data sequence will most likely be displaced from its true positions as demonstrated experimentally, the use of a time delayed version of the original transmitted sequence to compare and check for errors was justified.

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory According to Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory, microsystem refers to the groups that immediately influence and directly impact the development of a child. In my life this impact came from my family and church. As a young child I was very timid and shy. My family taught me how to be resilient in challenging situations. For example during large family gatherings, where confrontations occur among my cousins and I, there were several opportunities to voice my opinion and stand for what I feel was right.The church I attended gave me a different paradigm on life. Being a part of this ministry allowed me to see my potential on a greater level. Over the years, I was given many chances to interact with children in a supervisory position. This experience helped me to discover my gift for teaching young children. Exosystem is the link between a social setting in which the individual does not have an active role. Being a military family, exosystem, also had a strong influence on my development as a child.My step father was enlisted in the US Navy. At the age of eight years old, my family and I relocated to Virginia from Florida. We resided here for 4 years. During my time in Virginia, I discovered that school was more challenging than that of Florida schools. I struggled academically, especially the first two years. The academic lessons are a little more than a year worth of difference between the two school systems. So the two systems that impact me the most are the microsystem of my family and the exosystem of being a military family.Nurture and Nature does have an influence on adult development, but not as great as it is on children. Let’s look at nurture, as a child you are still developing. A child has minimal control over his or her environment and development has not reached maturation, that’s why children need adult supervision and guidance. Once a child becomes a mature functioning ad ult he or she can make sound decisions what is accepted in his or her environment. For example, Victor does not enjoy the city that he resides in. There are not a lot of opportunities for the career field he is working in.Victor can make a conscious decision to move to a more suitable location. A minor has very little influence on where he or she lives. With the latest advancements in science we are fortunate to have the knowledge to counteract the negative effects of genetics. Nature influence on our quality of life is weakening. Maria’s family has a history of heart failure and diabetes. Maria’s, physical make up is that of her biological father. She is petite and pear shaped. Her paternal great grandmother, great aunt and grandmother died from complications of heart disease.Maria has control over the foods she eats and activity levels. On the other hand, children foods and playtimes are decided by consenting adults. Through proper education and a healthy lifestyle s he has a better chance of a life free of this illness. Even though nurture and nature have a minimum influence on adults, ultimately adults make the final decisions on their lives. Choose Wisely. 1. Witt, G. A. , & Mossler, R. A. (2010). Adult Development and Life Assessment. Retrieved from https://content. ashford. edu/books/AUPSY202. 10. 2

Robert Wilde - ThoughtCo

The Media and Control - 1219 Words

Reality for most people, is what they â€Å"assume exists independently of any concept or representation†. (Grossberg, 1998:184) That’s â€Å"reality† to us, no second thought about it. Fiske says that reality â€Å"is the product of that culture’s codes†; (1987:4) meaning, that our society presents us with â€Å"a collection of material facts, that we can accurately perceive†. (Grossberg, 1998:185) The concept that the material facts have to be collected is peculiar. It implies that a negotiation between the public and reality has taken place, that someone, had to decide what was to be collected, and what was to be deserted. It has been said that media is the most influential. The media are â€Å"perhaps the most important producers of meaning and the codes of†¦show more content†¦Our society is divided into many individual groups according to the media.   For example, the media portrays black males either as basketball players, drug dealers, and murderers. They are mostly badly characterised, however all of the above does not represent just black males, it represents just about any human being. Also, there is Barack Obama, challenging the stereotypes set by the media. The Cultivation Theory suggest that the typical viewer is isolated and atomized, thus highly influenceable by the media. For example, too much media violence makes the viewers perceive our society as a mean, scary and dangerous place when it is not. And in consequence, citizens respond by supporting conservative crime control agendas excessively. In result there have been massive buildups in jails and prisons. Gerbner says that heavy viewers have a greater fear of our society in comparison to light viewers. Like I have mentioned that certain ideas and images can shape and distort our perceptions of reality. How many naked bodies do most of us view on a regular basis in real life - not counting what the media shows us?! Very few. But now-a-days people spend a lot of time reading fashion magazines and watching pornography, they encounter more naked or semi-naked bodies than they would otherwise, such as female bodies that happen to have had plastic-surgeries and men that are well toned. It is not surprising that in our media-driven society, ourShow MoreRelatedDo We Control The Media Control Us?889 Words   |  4 Pages111 27 August 2014 Do we Control the Media or Does the Media Control Us? Imagine how surveys came into play. Imagine a group of people wanting to know what another group of people think, feel, want and desire. A survey came to be a way to meet the needs of others at a much more efficient way. Imagine mass media as a way to meet the needs and desires of the mass. It is a survey taken every time the remote is used. Whatever catches the attention of the mass is what the media produces quantities of andRead MoreCorporate Control of the Media and Politics1071 Words   |  5 Pageswith the exam and uninformed decision-making for the same reason uneducated people have trouble with it, media coverage. Society today is a media society, rich or poor, educated or uneducated, we all receive information and news the same way. Through television, radio, internet or the papers we absorb information and whether we like it or not this information is bias and controlled. Media seems to follow what Americans want to see and Americans want to see celebrity news, international newsRead MoreMedia Controls Your Mind837 Words   |  4 PagesMedia has an affect on the popular culture more than most people think. It is simply everywhere you go and unavoidable. So either way you look at it, the mass media occurs in a person’s life on a daily basis. Which has a severe effect on the choices you make and the morals you live by. 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